In a September 2026 alert, UK security service MI5 warned that UK researchers who keep working with the China General Technology Research Institute could face prosecution under the UK's National Security Act 2023

In October 2026 public records showed four Z.ai co-founders worked on a nearly four-year AI research project co-funded by the China General Technology Research Institute (CGTRI), which a September 30, 2026 MI5 espionage alert accused of having very strong ties to China's Ministry of State Security.