The nodes would operate by validating blocks statelessly. This means they don’t require the storage of the full Merkle proofs or the entire blockchain history. They can selectively keep certain parts of the state up to date.
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Vitalik Buterin proposes partially stateless nodes for Ethereum scaling
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Vitalik Buterin explained that partially stateless nodes validate blocks statelessly, avoiding full history and Merkle trees to cut storage and bandwidthut storage and bandwidth
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