The Lean Ethereum vision promotes lean specifications and reducing technical debt by eliminating legacy burdens

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He also promoted “lean specs,” breaking logic into small modules, and “lean formal verification,” starting with zk-VMs and signature aggregation.

- Lean specs: Break protocol logic into small, understandable pieces - Lean tech debt: Clean up legacy features (EVM, blob formats, etc.) - Lean longevity: Don’t ossify—refactor when it’s optimal - Lean formal verification: Start with zkVMs and signature aggregation