Ethereum, as part of its response to GDPR’s data erasure requirements, proposes an off-chain data custody model that links on-chain activity through encrypted references to enable GDPR-aligned erasure and unlinkability

Quotes that support claims

Proposer-Builder Separation (PBS) & Attester-Proposer Separation (APS): Protocol-enforced splits concentrate data-viewing power in block builders, while proposers and attesters handle only commitments or proofs.

Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge (zk-SNARKs) can also help improve privacy as they involve validators confirming succinct cryptographic proofs rather than viewing transaction payloads, dramatically reducing onchain data visibility.