Even so, a strong proof system is necessary for stage 2 to be safer. Buterin suggests employing proof system multi-sigs, which combine several separate proof systems as a temporary measure to reduce these risks. According to him, stage 2 is not the only thing that matters. In addition to the rollups, decentralization phase ecosystem tools such as l2beat should monitor the maturity of proof system audits. Achieving true security involves a gradual alignment of governance and cryptographic integrity; it is not a checkbox.
